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Everyone in the field of education has heard of Madeline Hunter and her forward lesson planning model. You start with an anticipatory set, and you end with independent practice. It is straight-forward, and it just makes sense. However, there are other models and methods that should be considered by curriculum creators and educators alike. One such model is Farrel’s Backwards Design.
Farrel’s Backwards Design keeps the end in mind. It always begins with a foundational text. After they read the text, students should be led in guided practice by the teacher. Teachers check for understanding, model, and lead the students to apply the lesson in some way. The application of the lesson sets the stage for the beginning of the next day’s lesson. Even though the title includes the word “backwards,” I feel that this planning model starts with the most important elements of the lesson and proceeds from that point. Starting with the goal in mind does not feel “backwards” in any sense of the word!
The slides below outline how I have used Farrel’s Backward Lesson Design in my classroom. I also address how I would evaluate classroom culture and teacher effectiveness.
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